2014年8月28日星期四

How to Install LED Rope Lighting


LED rope lighting can add ambiance to any household space. This home-based lighting solution has become increasingly popular because it is thin and easy to place behind artwork or other focal points for creative backlighting. Furthermore, LED rope lighting uses less energy than traditional incandescent light bulbs. LED lights are even more energy efficient than competing "green" compact fluorescent lights, consuming "half the electricity" and lasting "about ten times as long" according to Michael Bloch's Green Living Tips article "LED: Lighting the Way." Luckily for savvy consumers, installing LED lights is very easy with just some basic tools and a little bit of knowhow.

Instructions
1
Measure the space before purchasing your LED rope lighting and get a rope that will span the breadth of the space. It is easier to get one long rope for the entire space than to string together several smaller ropes.

2
Make sure the clips are large enough to accommodate the diameter of your LED rope light before nailing them in; the rope's thickness depends on the brand and model.



Nail plastic cable clips half-way into to the installation area at regular intervals. You want to leave a little space to slide in the LED light rope before nailing in the clip all the way --- unless, of course, you purchase clips that still have space for the rope even after they are fully nailed in. If you want the rope to hang a bit, then leave a lot of space between each clip; if you want the LED rope lighting to be pulled tight, place the clips about 8 inches apart.

4
Hang the rope from the clips.

5
Finish nailing in the clips, being carefully not to accidentally hit the LED light rope with your hammer.

6
Use electrical tape to cover parts of the LED rope light that you do not want illuminated. This step is especially useful if you're snaking the rope up a wall to go behind a picture frame or piece of artwork; covering the exposed rope will allow for exclusive backlighting. To blend with the wall, you may also use textured tape and paint the tape after has been stuck to the rope.

7
Plug in your LED light rope to a standard electrical outlet. Some light ropes have "on" and "off" switches, others will simply turn on when they are plugged in.



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    How to Install LED Fountain Lighting


    Garden fountains create a restful environment by providing the soothing sound and visual of moving water, enhancing any setting. Adding LED fountain lighting is a great way to expand the time frame in which the fountain accomplishes this, by allowing it to be seen at night and by increasing visibility in low-light situations. Additionally, having lighting within the fountain gives it an ethereal and shimmering quality that makes the water seem to move more, give off more sparkling light and give the entire fountain an air of quality. Adding new lighting is a great way to spruce up an old fountain.

    Instructions
    1
    Plug in the fountain lights while the fountain is still full and experiment with several positions for them throughout the fountain. Try this at night as well to see the effect of the various potential positions. Determine which locations will be used and mark them with a discrete marking. Find the most convenient positioning for the exit of the light cord, which will sometimes be over the side of the fountain, through the central unit of the fountain or out through a hole that must be made in the bottom of the fountain.

    2
    Drain the fountain and allow time for the installation surfaces to dry. When the surfaces are dry to the touch, sand each marked area and wipe it clean. Smear a dollop of waterproof caulking on the spot. Push the light down into the caulking, adding extra if necessary for a complete seal. Repeat for the rest of the lights.

    3
    Drill a hole in the base of the fountain where the cord must exit, if necessary. Run the cable of the lighting out through the hole and fill the hole with waterproof caulking from both sides. Allow the caulking to dry overnight and then refill the fountain.


    Tips & Warnings
    Caulking may be applied to the cord that connects the lights as well, to prevent it from floating freely in the fountain.

    Battery or solar-panel operated lights may be used for more convenient installation.

    Never install the lights with the cord plugged in.

    When testing the lights, make sure that the waterproof LED fountain light cord plugs into the extension cord at a high position so that water will not run down the LED cord and into the extension cord.




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    How to Install LED Rope Lighting



    LED rope lighting can add ambiance to any household space. This home-based lighting solution has become increasingly popular because it is thin and easy to place behind artwork or other focal points for creative backlighting. Furthermore, LED rope lighting uses less energy than traditional incandescent light bulbs. LED lights are even more energy efficient than competing "green" compact fluorescent lights, consuming "half the electricity" and lasting "about ten times as long" according to Michael Bloch's Green Living Tips article "LED: Lighting the Way." Luckily for savvy consumers, installing LED lights is very easy with just some basic tools and a little bit of knowhow.

    Instructions
    1
    Measure the space before purchasing your LED rope lighting and get a rope that will span the breadth of the space. It is easier to get one long rope for the entire space than to string together several smaller ropes.

    2
    Make sure the clips are large enough to accommodate the diameter of your LED rope light before nailing them in; the rope's thickness depends on the brand and model.



    3.Nail plastic cable clips half-way into to the installation area at regular intervals. You want to leave a little space to slide in the LED light rope before nailing in the clip all the way --- unless, of course, you purchase clips that still have space for the rope even after they are fully nailed in. If you want the rope to hang a bit, then leave a lot of space between each clip; if you want the LED rope lighting to be pulled tight, place the clips about 8 inches apart.

    4
    Hang the rope from the clips.

    5
    Finish nailing in the clips, being carefully not to accidentally hit the LED light rope with your hammer.

    6
    Use electrical tape to cover parts of the LED rope light that you do not want illuminated. This step is especially useful if you're snaking the rope up a wall to go behind a picture frame or piece of artwork; covering the exposed rope will allow for exclusive backlighting. To blend with the wall, you may also use textured tape and paint the tape after has been stuck to the rope.

    7
    Plug in your LED light rope to a standard electrical outlet. Some light ropes have "on" and "off" switches, others will simply turn on when they are plugged in.



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    How to Install LED Fountain Lighting



    Garden fountains create a restful environment by providing the soothing sound and visual of moving water, enhancing any setting. Adding LED fountain lighting is a great way to expand the time frame in which the fountain accomplishes this, by allowing it to be seen at night and by increasing visibility in low-light situations. Additionally, having lighting within the fountain gives it an ethereal and shimmering quality that makes the water seem to move more, give off more sparkling light and give the entire fountain an air of quality. Adding new lighting is a great way to spruce up an old fountain.

    Instructions
    1
    Plug in the fountain lights while the fountain is still full and experiment with several positions for them throughout the fountain. Try this at night as well to see the effect of the various potential positions. Determine which locations will be used and mark them with a discrete marking. Find the most convenient positioning for the exit of the light cord, which will sometimes be over the side of the fountain, through the central unit of the fountain or out through a hole that must be made in the bottom of the fountain.

    2
    Drain the fountain and allow time for the installation surfaces to dry. When the surfaces are dry to the touch, sand each marked area and wipe it clean. Smear a dollop of waterproof caulking on the spot. Push the light down into the caulking, adding extra if necessary for a complete seal. Repeat for the rest of the lights.

    3
    Drill a hole in the base of the fountain where the cord must exit, if necessary. Run the cable of the lighting out through the hole and fill the hole with waterproof caulking from both sides. Allow the caulking to dry overnight and then refill the fountain.



    Tips & Warnings
    Caulking may be applied to the cord that connects the lights as well, to prevent it from floating freely in the fountain.

    Battery or solar-panel operated lights may be used for more convenient installation.

    Never install the lights with the cord plugged in.

    When testing the lights, make sure that the waterproof LED fountain light cord plugs into the extension cord at a high position so that water will not run down the LED cord and into the extension cord.



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    How to Make Your Name Using Flexible LED Lights



    Light-emitting diodes, known as LEDs, are available in many different forms. One form comes in strips. These strips have adhesive backs and are available in different light colors and come in bulk lengths, allowing you to make custom designs, or even make your name in LED lights. Using the LED strips to make names or designs is limited only by your creativity and space to arrange the lights.

    Instructions
    1
    Place two straight edges over the surface where the LED lights are going. If you want to have 12-inch-size letters, set one straight edge on the upper end of the letters and place the other 12-inch below, keeping them parallel.

    2
    Write out the name using a pencil, between the two straight edges. This keeps the size of the letters uniform and presents them in a neater, cleaner way. If you want special fonts, use stencils, placing them between the two straight edges so they remain parallel.



    3.Trace the lettering with the LED strips. Do not remove the adhesive back yet. Instead, place the flexible LED strip along each letter. Common bulk lengths for the LED stripping includes 16-foot spools or individually by the foot. To do block lettering, use the foot increments and push them into each other via the plug adapters. No soldering is required to keep the circuit connected with most LED strips.

    4
    Remove the adhesive from the back of the first letter's strip of lights. Stick the LED strip to the stencil or pencil letter inside the two parallel straight edges. Go down the length of the name, removing the adhesive from each strip and applying the LED strips to make the letters.

    5
    Plug the wires from the LED strip into the 12-volt adapter and plug the 12-volt adapter into a standard 120-volt wall socket.



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    How to Stop an LED Light From Flickering

    How to Stop an LED Light From Flickering

    LED lights have replaced incandescent bulbs for many uses, including table and floor lamps. The normal cycling of an LED light can cause flickering that is often visible. To stop the flickering, add a power conditioner to the line supplying the power to the LED. A power conditioner can be bought at an electronics store and requires no expertise to set up or use.

    Instructions
    1
    Unplug the power cord connecting the LED light to the AC outlet. Place the power conditioner next to the outlet, on the floor or on a nearby table, shelf or cabinet.

    2
    Rotate the power conditioner so that you can see the back. Plug the LED light's power cord into one of the AC sockets labeled output on the back of the power conditioner.

    3
    Plug the power conditioner's power cord into the AC outlet that the LED light was plugged into. Turn the power conditioner on and the LED light on. The flickering should be eliminated.



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    How to Use LED Blue & Red Light for Acne



    Acne is a skin disorder characterized by blemishes that appear usually on the face, but sometimes on the back and other parts of the body. It is caused by dead skin cells or other materials clogging hair follicles and trapping oil and bacteria inside. Heredity, hormones, overactive sebaceous glands and inflammation of the skin all can influence acne. Personal hygiene is not a major factor contributing to the prevalence of acne, and whether diet can affect acne is still hotly debated. Various treatments for acne include antibacterial oral medications, topical creams such as benzoyl peroxide, and red and blue light therapy. Blue light therapy works by exposing the affected areas of the skin to blue light that kills acne-causing bacteria called P. acnes. Red light therapy works by accelerating the rate of skin repair, which will cause acne to clear up faster.

    Instructions
    1
    Consult with a dermatologist about your acne to get a proper diagnosis. Certain types of acne, such as nodulocystic acne, are unresponsive to light therapy and can even be worsened by it. Your doctor may recommend other treatments before attempting light therapy.

    2
    Try a one-month treatment plan of red and blue light therapy by setting up a series of appointments with your dermatologist. Undergo both red and blue light therapy at your doctor's office twice weekly for 15 minutes per session.



    3.Evaluate the change in your skin's condition after one month. Consider whether enough improvement has occurred for you to want to continue with this treatment.

    4
    Research various red and blue light therapy products you can purchase for in-home use. Quasar and Verilux both manufacture well-reviewed products that can be ordered online.

    5
    Continue conducting twice-weekly 15-minute sessions at home. You may gradually increase the duration of your sessions to 30 minutes if clearing of the skin begins to slow.



    Tips & Warnings
    Daily moisturizing with a noncomedogenic product is crucial during treatment, because the light therapy has a tendency to made the skin excessively dry.

    A combination of acne treatments is generally the most effective approach for most moderate to severe acne patients, given that the causes of acne tend to be varied.

    Use protective sunglasses while undergoing blue light therapy because the light rays can damage the retinas.



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    What Makes an LED Light Work?



    You have probably seen some kind of LED display or an LED light source recently. You may even be looking at one now if you're reading this on a particular type of computer monitor. LED, which stands for "light emitting diode," has become a ubiquitous component behind everything from lamps to digital watches, traffic lights, auto headlights, text displays and in a plethora of electronic devices including cell phones and TVs, just to name a few. But behind this seemingly simple device, there lies a complex yet fascinating technology involving the fields of electronics and even advanced physics.


    Energy Bands
    In order to learn exactly how LEDs work, it is important to first understand the fundamentals. Electricity consists of electrons that can be either particles or waves. Now think of any solid material and imagine it possesses two energy bands: a valence band and a conduction band. For a solid to conduct electricity, electrons must move from the valence band to the conduction band. The difference between a metal that conducts electricity and an insulator, which does not, is that the insulator has a boundary called a "band gap" between the valence and conduction bands. This band gap makes it more difficult for electrons to move to the conduction band, so an insulator generally does not conduct electricity.

    Semiconductors
    Some insulators, however, can be forced to allow the flow of electrons by applying energy in the form of heat or light. The added energy excites the electrons in the valence band enough for them to jump over the band gap and into the conduction band. These types of materials, called semiconductors, make up most electronic components. One type semiconductor is the diode




    Diodes
    Diodes are  a key component in electronic circuits.
    Electricity tends to flow in all directions at once. However, electronic circuits require that electrons flow in a certain direction for devices to work. Diodes make this possible by allowing the current to move only in a single direction. A diode acts like a one-way lane; on one direction, the diode serves as a conductor; on the other direction it acts as an insulator and stops the flow of electrons.

    Where LEDs Come In
    The only thing separating a "normal" diode and the light-emitting variety is the material it consists of. A standard diode has silicon-based semiconductors, while an LED utilizes a combination of elements, among them gallium, indium, aluminum, arsenic, phosphorus and nitrogen. In every diode, every time you apply current in the "proper" direction, electrons move from the valence band to the conduction band. This leaves empty spaces in the valence band, and after a time, electrons will shift back to fill these empty spaces. This shifting process releases energy. Silicon doesn't lend itself to emitting light; as a result, silicon diodes only give off heat. But with materials such the ones used in LEDs, this shifting of electrons causes the LED to give off light.

    Colors
    Each time an electron jumps back across the band gap from the conduction band to the valence band in an LED, it emits energy in the form of light. The width of the band gap determines the color of the light the LED gives off. The first LEDs were red, but with advances in technology and with adjustments to the band gap, LEDs today come in a wide variety of colors.




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    How to Install LED Lights on a Harley Sportster 1200 Custom



    Adding LED lights to your Harley-Davidson Sportster 1200 is one of the easiest and most functional modifications you can make on your motorcycle. Not only do LED lights look fresh and up-to-date on your bike, but they also significantly improve your night and day visibility to other drivers. Add to that the fact that LED light bulbs last as much as 10 times longer than ordinary bulbs while using just 10 percent of an ordinary light bulb's power, and you've really got no reason not to make the switch.


    Instructions
    1
    Remove the turn signal lenses from the stock turn signal housings of the Harley-Davidson Sportster as well as the taillight lens by unscrewing the fittings that attach the lenses to their light housings. The lenses have a rubber O-ring that seals against the light housing, so they won't just fall away. With the screws removed from the lens, use your fingers to pull the lens away from the housing.

    2
    Twist the light bulb located within the Harley-Davidson light housing in a counterclockwise direction to free it from the socket, then pull it straight out. The replacement LED light bulb installs into this socket. Smear a small amount of dielectric grease onto the LED light bulb's electrical plug, then push the LED bulb into the socket and turn it in a clockwise direction to fasten it in place. Do this to all four turn signals as well as the brake light on the motorcycle.

    3
    Push the Sportster's turn signal lenses back into place and then run the screws into the mounting holes in the lens, tightening them down with the screwdriver until the lens is snug against the light housing. Do the same with the brake light lens to finish the installation.




    Tips & Warnings
    Change the brake light lens along with the turn signal lenses to retain a continuous theme in the Sportster's lighting.




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    How to Make an LED Light Array



    LEDs are semiconductors created for the purposes of illumination. They may be connected to form an array by placing them together in series, parallel or both. When connected in series, LEDs share the same voltage, but have different individual currents. This occurs when all of the LEDs share the same resistor. When connected in parallel, LEDs share the same current, but have different voltages. This occurs when each LED has its own resistor. To make an LED light array, first decide whether the components will be connected in series or parallel, and then calculate the size of the resistor needed for each LED. This size may be found with the use of Ohm's Law. It is easiest to begin by first practicing with a series circuit.


    Instructions
    1
    Study Ohm's Law to find the value the resistor R should be for one LED. The formula is R = (Voltage Source -- LED Voltage) / LED current.

    2
    Examine the specifications for one low voltage green LED. These may be found on the package or the manufacturer's website. A small LED has a 2.2 voltage, and can have a maximum of only 10 milliamps.




    Apply Ohm's Law to a series circuit of three green LEDs. The solution is R = (9 V -- (2.2 V + 2.2 V + 2.2 V) / 0.010 A = 240 ohms. Since 270 ohms is the nearest greatest resistor value that is standard, use this one. Notice that this resistance is the minimum value that can be used, and so a higher one may be substituted.

    4
    Add the battery holder to the breadboard. Connect the first green LED so that its positive or plus side is attached to the red lead of the battery holder. The LED's plus side is the longer leg.

    5
    Attach the plus side of a second green LED to the minus side of the first one. To avoid having the LEDs too close together, jumper wires may be used. Follow the same procedure to attach the remaining green LED, where its plus side is connected to the minus side of the second. The LEDs now form an array.

    6
    Connect the minus side of the third LED to the black lead of the battery holder. When the battery is added, the array will light up.

    7
    Experiment by substituting a 1k-ohm resistor in place of the 270-ohm resistor. Observe that the array is not as brightly lit as before.



    Tips & Warnings
    Make sure that all the LEDs have the same voltage specifications. The circuit may not work otherwise.



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