How to Install Patrol Car Emergency Lights
Patrol cars benefit from compact, lightweight lights. LED (light emitting diode) technology provides cost savings over halogen, since the bulbs don't need to be replaced. The lights are small, quiet and supply more light-power than older halogen rotating beacons and strobe solutions. Clear lightheads mean the lights can be less conspicuous, too. One of the simplest and most economical locations for patrol car emergency lights is on the rear deck straddling the third brake light. The location is weatherproof and highly visible when the emergency lights are illuminated.
Instructions
1
Remove the rear seat and pry the brake light off the rear deck with a flat-head screwdriver. Disconnect the brake light wire by pulling it off with a set of pliers. Remove the fasteners that secure the deck and remove it.
2
Position the patrol car emergency light bracket behind the brake light 1/8-inch from the indentation left by the third brake light.
3.Run a red positive wire from the fuse block to the rear deck and fuse it with an appropriate fuse -- many lights use 5 Amps. Run a black, negative wire to the rear deck. Add a switch halfway along adjacent to the driving position.
4
Drill mounting holes into the deck with a 9/32-inch bit. Drill a hole for the wires with a 1/2-inch bit and secure the bracket to the deck with the included hardware. Then re-install the deck and the third brake light, reconnecting it. Feed the emergency lights wires through to the switched power source. Clip the emergency light to the bracket and re-install the patrol car rear seat.
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2014年11月27日星期四
How to Design an LED/IR Lamp Flasher Circuit
How to Design an LED/IR Lamp Flasher Circuit
(Reference 1) You can easily put an LED flasher together with a 555 integrated circuit (IC) timer and a few outboard parts. You can choose any color LED, including the infrared (IR) varieties. The 555 is a versatile timing pulse generator, producing variable-width pulses. On its own, it provides up to 600 milliwatts of drive power---perfect for small-to-medium LED flasher projects. The 555's low cost and simple connections means you can build this project inexpensively in under an hour.
Instructions
1
Examine the 555 timer's data sheet, especially the application notes for astable operation. A timing network of 2 resistors and a capacitor determine the 555's frequency and duty cycle. The duty cycle is the percentage of time the timer spends in the "on" state at each cycle. This isn't usually a critical value for a flasher project, though you'll probably avoid very small or large percentages.
2
Determine a flash speed for your project. Most LED flashers work at about 1 cycle per second, but the 555 can run anywhere from minutes per cycle to several thousands of cycles per second. Select a capacitor 10 microfarads, for example. Calculate resistances for the two resistors, Ra and Rb using the following formula:
F = 1.44 / (C x (Ra + 2Rb))
Where F is frequency in hertz, C is the capacitor's value in farads, and Ra and Rb are the ohm values for two resistors. If you want a frequency of 1 Hz, and using 10 microfarads for C, gives you a total of 144,000 for Ra + 2Rb. You can satisfy this by setting Ra = 100K ohms and Rb = 22K ohms.
3.Insert the 555 timer into the prototype breadboard. Work the chip in slowly and make sure the pins go straight into the holes. With the battery disconnected from the battery clip, wire the 9-volt battery clip into the breadboard so that the positive (red) lead goes to pin 8 of the 555 IC and the negative (black) lead goes to pin 1.
4
Insert the capacitor into the breadboard. If it's an electrolytic capacitor, insert the negative lead so it connects to pin 1 of the IC. The positive lead goes to pin 6. Insert a jumper wire to connect pins 4 and 8 together. Insert another jumper wire to connect pins 2 and 6. Insert the 100K ohm resistor Ra so that one lead connects to pin 8 and the other lead goes to pin 7. Insert the 22K ohm resistor Rb so that one lead connects to pin 7 of the 555 and the other lead connects to pin 6. Insert the LED into the breadboard so that its anode connects to pin 3 of the 555 and the cathode connects to one lead of a 150 ohm resistor. Connect the other resistor lead to pin 1 of the 555.
5
Double-check your connections, then connect the 9-volt battery to the clip. The LED should start flashing immediately.
Tips & Warnings
Experiment with different values of Ra, Rb, and the capacitor to alter the flasher's speed and duty cycle.
If you want to drive a string of LEDs, or use high-brightness LEDs, you may need to add a transistor to the 555's output at pin 3. The transistor's higher current rating will handle the increased load.
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(Reference 1) You can easily put an LED flasher together with a 555 integrated circuit (IC) timer and a few outboard parts. You can choose any color LED, including the infrared (IR) varieties. The 555 is a versatile timing pulse generator, producing variable-width pulses. On its own, it provides up to 600 milliwatts of drive power---perfect for small-to-medium LED flasher projects. The 555's low cost and simple connections means you can build this project inexpensively in under an hour.
Instructions
1
Examine the 555 timer's data sheet, especially the application notes for astable operation. A timing network of 2 resistors and a capacitor determine the 555's frequency and duty cycle. The duty cycle is the percentage of time the timer spends in the "on" state at each cycle. This isn't usually a critical value for a flasher project, though you'll probably avoid very small or large percentages.
2
Determine a flash speed for your project. Most LED flashers work at about 1 cycle per second, but the 555 can run anywhere from minutes per cycle to several thousands of cycles per second. Select a capacitor 10 microfarads, for example. Calculate resistances for the two resistors, Ra and Rb using the following formula:
F = 1.44 / (C x (Ra + 2Rb))
Where F is frequency in hertz, C is the capacitor's value in farads, and Ra and Rb are the ohm values for two resistors. If you want a frequency of 1 Hz, and using 10 microfarads for C, gives you a total of 144,000 for Ra + 2Rb. You can satisfy this by setting Ra = 100K ohms and Rb = 22K ohms.
3.Insert the 555 timer into the prototype breadboard. Work the chip in slowly and make sure the pins go straight into the holes. With the battery disconnected from the battery clip, wire the 9-volt battery clip into the breadboard so that the positive (red) lead goes to pin 8 of the 555 IC and the negative (black) lead goes to pin 1.
4
Insert the capacitor into the breadboard. If it's an electrolytic capacitor, insert the negative lead so it connects to pin 1 of the IC. The positive lead goes to pin 6. Insert a jumper wire to connect pins 4 and 8 together. Insert another jumper wire to connect pins 2 and 6. Insert the 100K ohm resistor Ra so that one lead connects to pin 8 and the other lead goes to pin 7. Insert the 22K ohm resistor Rb so that one lead connects to pin 7 of the 555 and the other lead connects to pin 6. Insert the LED into the breadboard so that its anode connects to pin 3 of the 555 and the cathode connects to one lead of a 150 ohm resistor. Connect the other resistor lead to pin 1 of the 555.
5
Double-check your connections, then connect the 9-volt battery to the clip. The LED should start flashing immediately.
Tips & Warnings
Experiment with different values of Ra, Rb, and the capacitor to alter the flasher's speed and duty cycle.
If you want to drive a string of LEDs, or use high-brightness LEDs, you may need to add a transistor to the 555's output at pin 3. The transistor's higher current rating will handle the increased load.
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How to Fix a Rope Light
How to Fix a Rope Light
During the holidays, many people hang decorative, festive lights on a tree or around the perimeter of their property. These are also known as rope lights. Because they are used on an annual basis and are occasionally hung outside, during some of the worst winter weather, rope lights can run into problems. You can repair them with a few tools and troubleshooting skills.
Instructions
1
Remove the rope lights from the Christmas tree or wherever they are hanging. If they are hanging on a wall by brackets, use a screwdriver to unfasten the brackets. If they are held up by wire, use a wire stripper to cut the wire. Remove the broken wire piece first. Lay everything on a table or workbench after removing it.
2
Examine the insulating material from the broken edge of the rope lights. Check the wire beneath it as well. Secure the edges of the wire together using a soldering iron to reconnect it. Let it cool for several minutes afterward.
Affix insulating material or insulation tubes over the tops of the exposed wires in the rope lights. If using insulation tubes from a radio car hobby shop, add these items prior to the soldering. Melt the wires to the material using a crimping iron, if using insulating material.
4
Remove the bulbs from the rope lights. Plug the lights back in to check whether they work.
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During the holidays, many people hang decorative, festive lights on a tree or around the perimeter of their property. These are also known as rope lights. Because they are used on an annual basis and are occasionally hung outside, during some of the worst winter weather, rope lights can run into problems. You can repair them with a few tools and troubleshooting skills.
Instructions
1
Remove the rope lights from the Christmas tree or wherever they are hanging. If they are hanging on a wall by brackets, use a screwdriver to unfasten the brackets. If they are held up by wire, use a wire stripper to cut the wire. Remove the broken wire piece first. Lay everything on a table or workbench after removing it.
2
Examine the insulating material from the broken edge of the rope lights. Check the wire beneath it as well. Secure the edges of the wire together using a soldering iron to reconnect it. Let it cool for several minutes afterward.
Affix insulating material or insulation tubes over the tops of the exposed wires in the rope lights. If using insulation tubes from a radio car hobby shop, add these items prior to the soldering. Melt the wires to the material using a crimping iron, if using insulating material.
4
Remove the bulbs from the rope lights. Plug the lights back in to check whether they work.
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here Do I Find Grow Lights for Indoor Plants?
Where Do I Find Grow Lights for Indoor Plants?
Grow lights are indoor lighting sources or systems that come in a variety of sizes and designs and are used to grow plants indoors. The University of Missouri Extension recommends using fluorescent tubes, but some retailers also offer LED systems. Grow lights are easy to find at a wide variety of retailers. Prices are as of 2010.
Home Improvement Stores
Home improvement stores, such as Lowe's and Home Depot, typically have large gardening departments. Both offer simple reflector bulbs for grow lights for less than $10.
Walmart
Walmart sells the Rion Greenhouses Super Fast Grow Light, an LED light source that promises to make your plants and vegetables grow faster. It sells for $159.99 and can be used indoors or outdoors.
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Grow lights are indoor lighting sources or systems that come in a variety of sizes and designs and are used to grow plants indoors. The University of Missouri Extension recommends using fluorescent tubes, but some retailers also offer LED systems. Grow lights are easy to find at a wide variety of retailers. Prices are as of 2010.
Home Improvement Stores
Home improvement stores, such as Lowe's and Home Depot, typically have large gardening departments. Both offer simple reflector bulbs for grow lights for less than $10.
Walmart
Walmart sells the Rion Greenhouses Super Fast Grow Light, an LED light source that promises to make your plants and vegetables grow faster. It sells for $159.99 and can be used indoors or outdoors.
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How to Wire an LED Rocker Switch
How to Wire an LED Rocker Switch
LED Rocker switches use a built-in LED to provide a clear indication that the switch is turned on, and are usually used for switching 12 volts DC. Single pole, single throw, or SPST, switches normally have two connections, one for the power going to the switch, and the other for the power leaving the switch to power the load when the switch is turned on. LED Rocker switches also have a third connection, which is needed to provide a ground connection for the LED.
Instructions
1
Cut two lengths of red wire to use for the power connections on the switch, and one piece of black wire to provide the ground connection for the switch. Strip approximately 1/4 inch of insulation from the ends of each of the wires, using the utility knife or wire strippers.
2
Take each wire in turn, and twist the wire strands at the end of the wire together to make a solid connection. Slide a crimp terminal onto the end of each piece of wire, and then crimp in place using a crimping tool. The type of crimp terminal should match the type of connectors on the switch, so they fit together properly and provide a good connection.
3.Slide the crimp terminal on the end of one of the red wires over the lug on the switch labelled "Acc". Connect the other end of this wire to the power input of the device being switched.
4
Slide the crimp terminal at the end of the other red wire on to the switch lug labelled "Power." The other end of this wire should be connected to the positive connection of the twelve volt power source, for example a twelve volt battery.
5
Take the black wire, and slide the terminal over the lug on the switch labelled "Ground." The other end of this wire should be connected to the negative connection of the twelve volt power source, to provide the ground connection for the LED.
6
Connect the ground connection of the device being switched to the negative connection of the power source. You can now test the circuit. When the switch is turned on, the LED in the switch should light and the connected device will be powered.
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LED Rocker switches use a built-in LED to provide a clear indication that the switch is turned on, and are usually used for switching 12 volts DC. Single pole, single throw, or SPST, switches normally have two connections, one for the power going to the switch, and the other for the power leaving the switch to power the load when the switch is turned on. LED Rocker switches also have a third connection, which is needed to provide a ground connection for the LED.
Instructions
1
Cut two lengths of red wire to use for the power connections on the switch, and one piece of black wire to provide the ground connection for the switch. Strip approximately 1/4 inch of insulation from the ends of each of the wires, using the utility knife or wire strippers.
2
Take each wire in turn, and twist the wire strands at the end of the wire together to make a solid connection. Slide a crimp terminal onto the end of each piece of wire, and then crimp in place using a crimping tool. The type of crimp terminal should match the type of connectors on the switch, so they fit together properly and provide a good connection.
3.Slide the crimp terminal on the end of one of the red wires over the lug on the switch labelled "Acc". Connect the other end of this wire to the power input of the device being switched.
4
Slide the crimp terminal at the end of the other red wire on to the switch lug labelled "Power." The other end of this wire should be connected to the positive connection of the twelve volt power source, for example a twelve volt battery.
5
Take the black wire, and slide the terminal over the lug on the switch labelled "Ground." The other end of this wire should be connected to the negative connection of the twelve volt power source, to provide the ground connection for the LED.
6
Connect the ground connection of the device being switched to the negative connection of the power source. You can now test the circuit. When the switch is turned on, the LED in the switch should light and the connected device will be powered.
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